子样本具有多种定义。抽样调查中，子样本是进行多阶段抽样所选取的样本。其形成过程即把抽样调查的各种方式如简单随机抽样、分层抽样和整群抽样相结合，先从总体中抽取样本单位作第一阶段样本单位，再从第一阶段样本单位中抽取第二阶段样本单位，直至抽取最终阶段的样本单位，这种多阶段抽样又称子抽样。
进行受精前用显微镜检查精子样本。
The sperm sample is checked under the microscope before insemination is carried out.
有感冒症状主诉的被检旅客已经送交医生并提取了拭子样本进行化验。
The people tested had gone to general practitioners with complaints of flu-like symptoms and had swabs taken for testing.
在分析财富的积累，我们限制一个子样本，提供完整的金融和人口变量统计数据。
In analyzing wealth accumulation, we limit attention to the subsample that supplied complete data on all financial and demographic variables of interest.
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