牙周病是细菌感染性疾病，菌斑微生物是牙周病的始动因子。
Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria, and bacterial plaque is the initial factor of periodontal disease.
菌斑生物膜是粘附于牙齿表面的微生物团体，是龋病发生的始动因子。
Plaque biofilms, a well-organized microbial community on dental surface, is a major etiological factor of caries.
拥有扰乱人体免疫系统的能力—病毒作为可能的自身免疫疾病始动因子通常是免疫学家们感兴趣的研究对象。
Viruses have always attracted the interest of immunologists as possible triggers of autoimmune diseases due to their ability to interfere with the host's immune system.
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