重要的参考点，如胸点、前中心线、后中心线等。

Important reference points such AS the bust point, CF and CB etc.

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在选定的病人，如敌对，乘以下一个失败的腹部切开术或腹部手术，胸或胸腔镜方法可能是首选。

In selected patients such as a hostile, multiply operated abdomen or following a failed abdominal myotomy, the thoracic or thoracoscopic approach may be preferred.

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早发性脊柱和胸壁畸形，如脊柱融合术，专注于脊柱畸形和脊柱的增长，往往局限于传统的治疗方法。

Traditional treatments of early onset spine and chest wall deformity, such as spinal fusion, focused on the vertebral column deformity and often restricted growth of the spine.

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