仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。

A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.

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发达国家的妇女越来越有能力控制自己的生育数量是原因之一，这是与大量的妇女进入工作场所相关联的一个现象；

The increasing ability of women in the developed world to control their own reproductive output is one, as is the related phenomenon of women entering the workplace in large numbers.

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而生育能力这一信号更多的是大量集中体现在身体特征上，而在脸上则相对较少，但脸上却可能有更多能暗示出像年龄和健康状况这样的生殖价。

Where as her face may have more cues of reproductive value like age and health.

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