现在是初始化应用程序的“外壳层”的时候了。

It is time to initialize the "skin layer" of our application.

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种子有一层外壳，包裹着新植物的遗传物质，外壳内部是集中的营养供应。

The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients.

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最近几年，与较高温度相关较湿的雪地导致了在这些植物上面形成一层冷冻外壳，而驯鹿却无法打破这层外壳。

The wetter snow associated with warmer temperatures in recent years causes a frozen crust to form over the plants, which the reindeer can't break through.

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So let's do a quick clicker question, and you tell me how many valence electrons does fluorine have? Remember, valence electrons are different from core, they're only the outer-most electrons in the outer-most shell.

那么让我们来做一个小选择题，请大家来告诉我,氟有多少个价电子，要记得，价电子与芯电子不同，它们是在最外壳层的最靠外面的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So remember, that when we talked about Lewis structure, the organizing principle behind Lewis structures is the idea that within the molecule the atoms are going to arrange their valence electrons, such that each atom within the molecule has a complete octet or full outer shell.

记得，当我们讨论路易斯结构的时候，路易斯结构所遵循的组织原则是这样一种思路,那就是分子中的原子都倾向于,重新安排它们的价电子,使得分子有一个完整的,“八隅体“或者排满的外壳层。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选