虽然所有Spring管理对象都被默认地当作单例实例来处理，但有些时候还是有必要为某个对象指明一个备用的范围（scope）。
While all Spring-managed objects are treated as singleton instances by default, it is sometimes necessary to specify an alternate "scope" for an object.
它被定制为你屏幕上的一个空白备用区域，之后你可以在其中填充一个单一对象—比如，一张你要发布的图片。
It's basically a blank space on your screen that you can later fill with a single object - for example, a picture that you'll swap in and out.
同时，还应具有一定数量的备用金，用于其服务对象合法权益受到损害时的赔偿。
At the same time, it shall have certain amount of contingent funds for compensation in case that its clients' legal interests are violated.
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