此部分课程扩展了统计学中的基本数学概念。三个基本想法如下：随机变数，密度函数与期望。

This section of the course develops the mathematical concepts used in statistics. Three ideas are essential: Random Variable, Density Functions, and Expectations.

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需要频繁用到数学技能，包括基本数学、预算、利润 损失概念、百分比率和差异变通等。

Need to use mathematical skills frequently, including basic mathematics, budget, profit/loss concept, percentage and difference adaptations, etc.

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第二章简单地介绍了本文涉及到的一些基本概念和所用到的基本数学工具。

In chapter 2, the author gives a brief introduction of basic concepts and some mathematical tools are used in this paper.

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