这些变量可以构成一个石油行业行政垄断的形成和维持模型。

These variables may constitute a formation and maintenance model of oil industry administrative monopoly.

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这八家公司共同运作，形成了成熟的寡头垄断格局，实质上是在模仿整个市场。

Together these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially miming the entire market.

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电信学说形成于垄断和基础设施匮乏的年代，从来就没有被透彻地研究过。

Telco doctrine, formed in the age of monopoly and scarce infrastructure, is rarely examined explicitly.

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