该系统可能使用智能身份证或连接到特定计算机的数字证书，并在一系列在线服务中认证用户。
The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential linked to a specific computer and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
由于在在线领域中证明某个实体的身份非常困难，认证权威就接管了这个挑战。
Because verifying identity in the online world is difficult, certificate authorities take over that challenge.
而另一些公司则会支付会议或非正式培训的费用（例如您的认证学习指南、考试费用或在线课程）。
Other companies will pay for conferences or informal training (such as your certification study guide, testing fee, or an online class).
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