放牧退化对群落、各能值功能群碳含量影响不明显，但是却使得土壤碳含量降低。

Grazing-induced retrogression had no obvious effect on the carbon content of community and energy PFGs, but it made the content of soil carbon decreased.

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同样，美洲平原如果停止放牧，土壤中的碳含量也会大大提高。

The American plains, too, would accumulate carbon in their soil if grazing stopped.

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砍伐森林建牧场，以及过度放牧导致土壤中碳含量的净流失等因素都会产生大量的二氧化碳。

Livestock farming also accounts for a lot of carbon dioxide, mostly from forests being cut down for pasture, or when overgrazing and the resulting soil erosion causes a net loss of carbon from soils.

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