中国自1990年代以来，为减轻国库负担，开始要求医院自行筹募资金，而问题就是在这个时候衍生开来。

The problem began when China made hospitals self-funding in the 1990s to ease a heavy burden on state coffers.

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减轻纳税人负担的热情使运营商投标铁路线，答应千方百计节约开支以填充国库。

That enthusiasm for reducing the taxpayers' load has led train operators bidding for routes to promise huge efficiency savings that can then be funnelled back to the Treasury.

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对很多国家来说，这个缺口是巨大的——是GDP的很多倍——主要因为他们的公民寿命更长而生育的孩子更少，这些都将增加国库的负担。

For many countries, the gap is enormous-multiples of gdp-largely because their citizens are living longer and having fewer babies, all of which will put a burden on the exchequer.

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