2000年1月，鲁思·西蒙斯加入高盛董事会，担任外部董事；一年后，她成为布朗大学的校长。

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University.

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不变量：在执行了外部组件后维持不变的条件。

Invariants: Conditions that must remain unchanged after the execution of the external component.

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后卡扎菲时代的利比亚很可能需要外部的帮助。

A post-Qaddafi Libya is likely to need outside help.

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