环状加厚：原生木质部导管和管胞的内层环状増厚。
Annular thickening rings of thickening laid down on the inner wall of protoxylem vessels and tracheids.
以结构的总重量最小为优化目标，以导管的平均直径和壁厚作为设计变量，考虑强度、刚度和稳定等约束条件。
Total weight of the structure was selected to be optimal objectives. Average diameter and wall thickness of the structural element were taken as design variables.
以结构的总重量最小和结构的总应变能最大为优化目标，以导管的平均直径和壁厚作为设计变量，考虑强度、刚度和稳定等约束条件。
Total weight and seismic strain energy of the structure were selected to be optimal objectives. Average diameter and wall thickness of the structural element were taken as design variables.
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