该小说蒙着一层悲剧色彩，表现了一种宿命论的历史哲学观，一个在现代主义小说中常见的主题——人的一切努力都是徒劳，社会的进步只是一个虚幻。
A tinge of a tragic historical philosophy of determinism, a theme common in modernist fiction, can be perceived: man's every effort is futile, and any progress in society is merely an illusion.
延展的时间、目的论、进步史观构成了中世纪“世界历史”观念的核心内容。
The Extending time, teleology and progressive historical view have constituted the kernel content of the ideas of "world history" of the Middle Age.
历史价值论探讨历史有无目的、有无进步，历史对人有什么意义以及如何认识历史意义的问题。
Historical axiology inquires into the problems such as whether the aim of hist ory exists, whether the history is progressing, what the sense of history is and how to recognize it.
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