当每次染色体分裂时——即当每次一个细胞分裂成两个时——染色体的尾部，也就是端区，就会发生断裂。

Every time the Chromosome divides—every time one cell divides into two—pieces of the ends of the Chromosome, the telomere, get broken off.

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当异常半球中的神经元在成熟之前经历过多的细胞分裂时，就会发生这种罕见的疾病，即大脑一侧长得比另一侧大得多。

The rare disorder, in which one side of the brain grows substantially larger than the other, occurs when neurons in the abnormal hemisphere undergo too many cell divisions before they mature.

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最后，这项实验提出了这样一种可能性，即这种神经元可以用于目前使用胎儿脑细胞的实验治疗，避开了一个令人不安的伦理问题。

Finally, the experiment presents the possibility that such neurons could be used in experimental treatments that currently use fetal brain cells, sidestepping an uncomfortable ethical issue.

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So, you have both the diversity in the physical connections, any one cell is potentially contacting lots of other cells.

所以 神经系统既有多样性的物理连接,即每个细胞都可能与其他许多细胞连接

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Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.

但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is what makes cells different, the number and quantity of the genes that they express.

这就是细胞产生差异的原因,即表达的基因在数量和质量上的差异

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选