微软自己的 Office 软件在“生产力”软件市场上占据主导地位，但这些初创公司代表了为智能手机世界从头开始设计的一波新技术浪潮。
Microsoft's own Office dominates the market for "productivity" software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
国家电网在中国市场上占据主导地位，但该公司表示，其巴西输电线资产将产生的回报，将显著高于受到严格监管的本土市场。
State Grid dominates the Chinese market, but the company says the returns from its Brazilian transmission lines will be "notably" higher than at home, where the company is heavily regulated.
Cusumano指出，随着时间的过去，大多产品公司当他们的产品在目标市场上占据主导地位时，便转向混合或服务公司，并且此时低价格的替代品也是可用的。
Over time, Cusumano notes, most product companies evolve into hybrid or service companies as their products saturate target markets and lower-priced substitutes become available.
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