本文考虑一个含有一个供应商和一个零售商的整个供应链中，供应商在链中占据垄断地位，他不仅拥有零售商相关的成本信息，还有交货时间的决策权。

The supplier in the channel holds monopolistic status, in which he not only has relative cost information about the retailer, but also the decision-making right of the lead-time.

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至少有9家交易所成立了，但各国的全国交易所依然在各自市场上占据近乎垄断的地位。

At least nine ventures have been launched, but the national exchanges still enjoy near-monopoly status in their own markets.

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新的垄断集团取代了旧的，依然占据着支配地位。

Instead of the old monopoly, a new cartel now holds sway.

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