单原子的结构是个基本极限：若要做得更小，基本上就得操控原子核了，这可是把一种化学元素转换为另一种。

A structure the size of an atom represents a fundamental limit: to make anything smaller would require manipulating atomic nuclei—essentially, transmuting one chemical element into another.

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这让亚利桑那大学的 Erica Corral 发现碳单原子层是一种理想的陶瓷增强剂。

This led Erica Corral of the University of Arizona to discover that carbon monoatomic layers are ideal for reinforcing ceramics.

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石墨烯是一种只有单原子厚度的碳原子平面层——碳原子按蜂窝状晶格排列。

Graphene is a flat sheet of carbon just one atom thick—with the carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.

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Gas phase single atom. So we don't have to deal with work function or any kind of energies associated with some condensed form of matter.

气相的单原子，所以我们不需要再,处理功函数的问题,以及和凝聚态相关的能量问题。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

But now it's going to make more sense because in that case we were just talking about single electron atoms, and now we're talking about a case where we actually can see shielding.

但是现在能讲得通了,因为在那个情况中我们仅仅是现在我们讨论的是,讨论单电子原子，看到屏蔽的案例,我们能看到屏蔽。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I would say with the aid of an energy level diagram explain the fact that helium is found as atomic gas and not molecular. How about this one?

我要说的是，在能级图的帮助下,可以解释氦气是单原子气体,而不是分子气体这一事实,那么这个呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选