停机化学置换反应造成。
研究了一种用于钢铁基体化学置换镀铜的专用复合添加剂。
A kind of composite additive used for copper plating of chemical replacement on iron surface was investigated.
置换反应是中学化学中的主要反应，也是典型的氧化还原反应。
Metathesis reaction is not only one of the major reactions in secondary school chemistry teaching, but a typical REDOX reaction.
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