我首先简要介绍任何语言设计者在类型模型中必须考虑的一些决策，着重介绍静态类型和动态类型的一些不同的决策。
I'll start with a general description of the decisions any language designer must consider within a typing model, focusing on the controversial decision of static versus dynamic typing.
在一种动态类型语言中，使用元编程特性来实现高级设计经常是必要的。
In a dynamically typed language, it is often necessary to use metaprogramming features to implement advanced designs.
许多使用其他的程序设计语言范型的语言，例如面向对象的、命令式的，等等，也是动态语言。
Many languages using other programming language paradigms, such as object-oriented, imperative, and so on, are also dynamic languages.
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