研究婴儿大脑活动的主要方法是通过婴儿偏好新异刺激的方法：当重复呈现相同刺激时婴儿的注意开始漂移，而当新的刺激呈现时，注视点重新回到刺激物上。

The trick is to use their love of novelty to work out what is happening inside their brains: when shown the same things repeatedly, babies' eyes wander; when the scene changes, their gaze returns.

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研究参与者对音乐麻木，却对金钱等其他刺激物产生反应的事实说明针对不同刺激物，奖赏通路不同。

The fact that subjects could be insensible to music while still responsive to another stimulus like money suggests different pathways to reward for different stimuli.

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第一，学习识别刺激物的能力，这些刺激物会预测一些重要事件的发生，而这些重要事件能够减缓学习更快更有效者做出适当反应。

First, the ability to learn to recognize stimuli that predict the occurrence of an important event slows the learner to make the appropriate response faster and perhaps more effectively.

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