表面激发对电子—固体相互作用的贡献是用总表面激发几率的数值积分而得到的，此即为表面激发参数(sep)。
The contribution of surface excitation in electron-solid interactions is estimated via the numerical evaluation of total surface excitation probability, known as surface excitation parameter (SEP).
在详细的数学推导之后，给出了金属疲劳断裂几率即一个变上限复杂积分的近似解析函数表达式，并与计算机的数值曲线进行了比较。
Following a detailed mathematical derivation a new approximate algorithm for the fatigue fracture of metals is given namely a complicate integral having a changing upper limit.
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