为了便于确定真丝绸预辐照接枝的工艺参数，采用电子自旋共振技术对这些问题进行分析。

Such problem as to determine the pre-irradiation grafting process parameters is analyzed with Electron-Spin Resonance (ESR).

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通过X射线衍射（XRD）和碳核磁共振谱（13C-NMR）研究辐照改性前后芳纶纤维结构的变化。

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) were adopted to study the structure change of Armos fibers after irradiation.

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