科学家们甚至已经设计了人工开关，当它开启时能够发光和者发出电化学或生物化学信号。

Scientists have even engineered artificial switches to start glowing or giving off some kind of electrochemical or biochemical signal once they are switched "on."

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“中草药中有一种化合物可以刺激骨折处修复，”OKeefe说，“它能开启一条修复骨骼信息的信号通路”。

"There is a compound in traditional Chinese herbs that can stimulate fracture repair," o 'keefe says. "it alters a signaling pathway well known to regulate bone formation."

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谢诺伊说，但是专家们目前还无法做到的是，如何改变大脑的那些电脉冲信号以开启或者关闭大脑的信息回路。

But what experts can't yet do, Shenoy said, is alter those electrical pulses to turn brain circuits on or off.

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When they make milk they have signals for turning on the betagalactoglobulin promoter and expressing the gene of interest.

泌乳的时候,β-乳球蛋白启动子受信号调控而开启,目的基因得以表达

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