沃纳菲尔特把资源宽泛地界定为“任何可以被认为是特定企业优势和劣势的东西”（1984，第172页）。

Wernerfelt broadly defines a resource as ‘anything which could be thought of as a strength or weakness of a given firm’ (1984, p. 172).

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但在新兴市场，特别是中国有很大影响力的市场，十分不同的“招引”模式要占优势，它致力帮助企业在需求增加的时调动资源。

But in emerging markets, particularly those where the Chinese have a strong influence, a very different "pull" model often prevails, designed to help companies mobilise resources when the need arises.

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如果所有企业都拥有得到资源与能力的同等条件来获取或创造市场机会带来的利益，那么将不会存在处于优势和劣势的企业。

If all firms have equal access to the resources and capabilities to reap or create benefits of market opportunities, then there will be no advantageous and disadvantageous firms.

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