这件事唤起了他对往昔苦难的回忆。

The incident woke memories of his past sufferings.

《牛津词典》

他的作品对生活中的荒谬和苦难进行了最全面的反讽。

His works on the absurdity and sufferings of life create the most comprehensive irony.

youdao

他直率地讲出了苦难的经历。

He spoke frankly about the ordeal.

《牛津词典》

He meant by utility the balance of pleasure over pain, happiness over suffering.

他认为功利等于快乐减去痛苦，幸福减去苦难。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选