为了实现二进制加法符号替换规律，本文提出了一种简单的光逻辑系统，它仅包括一片二维列阵光学双稳器件。

For realizing symbolic substitution rules of binary addition. This paper proposes a simple optical logic system which includes only one 2-d array of optical bistable device.

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而reduce则通过一个二进制操作把一个序列的元素联合起来，例如它可以使用加法对序列里的元素求和。

A reduce combines all the elements of a sequence using a binary operation. For example, it can use "+" to add up all the elements in the sequence.

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基于符号数字负二进制表达，提出了任意字长操作数的并行两步加法与一步减法。

Based on sign digit negabinary representation, the two step addition and one step subtraction of arbitrary length operands can be performed.

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