橡胶堆旁承作为机车二系悬挂的弹性元件，已在国内外铁路上得到了广泛的应用。
Rubber sandwich spring is widely used in the world as an elastic element of secondary suspension on locomotives.
介绍了几种无摇枕转向架的二系悬挂结构，并分析比较了其特点及对转向架性能的影响。
Several secondary suspension structures of bolsterless bogies are described, and the effects of their features on the bogie performance are analyzed and compared.
并进行了多达12种不同工况的比较优化试验，为一系、二系悬挂参数的选取提供了依据。
The tests for comparison and optimization under 12 different working conditions are carried out, which provides basis for selection of parameters of the primary and secondary suspensions.
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