既然捕食者可以让雏鸟为食物付出巨大代价，那么乞食的雏鸟们到底可以从这种交流方式中得到什么益处呢？
Given that predators can make it costly to beg for food, what benefit do begging nestlings derive from their communications?
在线备份很可能需要从util_heap内存分配中得到更多的内存，以便为一些帮助支持这种操作的内部结构分配内存。
An online backup will likely require some more memory from the UTIL_HEAP memory allocation to allocate some internal structures that help support this operation.
人们能够学习的原因是：人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。 换言之，如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励，他重复这种行为；如果亿的某一行为带给他的是惩罚，他会避免这种行为。
They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.
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