分析了蓄热式热交换器传热和流动过程的不可逆性，提出了熵产数的概念。
The irreversibility of heat transfer and fluid flow in regenerative he at exchanger was analyzed, and the number of entropy generation units was introduced.
火山构造成岩-成矿作用过程中，体系与其环境之间的能量与物质交换，发生各种非线性的不可逆过程。
In the course of rock formation and mineralization of volcanic structure, exchange of energy and material between the system and its environment occurs as various non-linear irreversible processes.
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