目的观察上颌第二前磨牙的牙根及根管形态。

Objective To investigate the root and canal morphology of extracted maxillary second premolars.

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目的：建立人上颌第二磨牙三维有限元模型。

Objective: the three-dimensional finite element method models of the maxillary second molar was constructed.

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目的：探讨上颌第二磨牙错？畸形的种类及相关因素。

Objective: to investigate the type of upper second molar malocclusion and its related-factors.

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