公司如何在不进行受鼓动的工作以及没有非常显著的度量标准的情况下，期望得到对“底线”的一般的了解，例如收益率、生产力，和增长。

How can companies expect to achieve the commonly touted understanding of "bottom lines" such as profitability, productivity, and growth wthout an inspired effort and broadly visible metrics?

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生命是由“年”来衡量的。玩游戏的时候我们会依分秒倒数计时；生产力的计量我们一般按月或者季度算。

Lives are measured in years. We count down the minutes and seconds in a game and measure our productivity by months and quarters.

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第一节讨论的一般结果对衰老和生产力，而第二节证据的重要性异质性。

Section I discusses the general results on aging and productivity, whereas section II presents evidence of the importance of heterogeneity.

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