三维布局问题属于组合最优化问题和NP完全问题，在一定时间内求其精确全局最优解是相当困难的。
Three-dimensional component packing is a combinatorial optimization and NP-complete problem. It is difficult to find its exact global optimum.
根据这一特点，从维恩公式出发，利用最优化方法处理测得的火焰辐射光谱信号，得到了火焰的温度和黑度。
Based on the Wien's law temperature and emissivity of flame were obtained by processing the measured data with an optimization algorithm.
本文介绍一维扩散方程的逆向计算方法，并讨论了该方法在核燃料利用最优化分析上的应用。
This Paper presents one-dimensional backward analytical solution of diffusion equations and its application to optimization of fuel utilization.
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