通过这种方式减少层级后，公司可能只剩下最高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。

After de-layering in this way, a company may be left with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.

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他们是连接最高管理层与一线管理者的关键“结点”。

They serve as the strategic “knot” that binds top management with front-line managers.

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当反馈传达给一线管理者时，往往因为滞后而失去了作用。

By the time feedback filters down to front-line managers, it's often too backward-looking to be useful.

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