If there is debate about the details, it is remarkable how unanimous economists now are that fiscal policy needs to be used actively to boost aggregate demand.

如果关于具体的细节上有争议，那么经济学家们现在都惊人一致地认为财政政策必须积极地用来刺激总需求。

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Such fiscal adjustment may be necessary to ensure medium-term debt sustainability, but its immediate effect would lead to a reduction in private and public aggregate demand.

为了保持债务的中期可持续性，这些财政调节措施或许是必要的，但其短期效应将导致私人和公共部门总体需求的减少。

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But creating inflation is easier said than done: it requires boosting aggregate demand enough to consume existing economic slack, through either monetary or fiscal policy.

但是制造通货膨胀说起容易做起来难- - -它需要货币抑或是财政政策来拉动足以消化现存闲置生产的总需求。

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This is because the basic analysis is that an increase in the budget deficit provides a fiscal boost to aggregate demand.

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Today, any objective economist will tell you that, despite all of the monetary and fiscal stimulus, aggregate demand and economic activity has been minimally impacted.

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Government spending in Japan is out of control, and the aggregate fiscal deficit would be catastrophic if it weren't for the extremely high domestic savings rate.

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