proto-language

protolanguage

英/ ˌprəʊtəʊˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

美/ ˈproʊtoʊˌlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

1
祖语
许多学者认为，人类最初使用的是一种祖语（proto-language），即从现存的、属于同一语言系属（语系、语族、语支）的语言推演出的共同的祖先。
2
语言
同一语族的语言来自于早期同一早期语言（proto-language），使用该语族语言的民族形成主要有三个方式：一是具有直接血缘关系的人群；二是具有间接血缘关系的人群；三是被文化征服的人群。

短语

1
These original ‘proto-languages’—from which all others allegedly have developed—were distinct within themselves, with no previous ancestral language.
这些原始的“前语言”——其他语言从其演化而来——各自截然不同，根本不再有更前面的祖先语言。
2
We speak a decimal language because an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo-European, was decimally based.
我们说的是十进制的语言，这是因为我们的始祖语言——原始印欧语——是基于十进制的。
3
Proto-Indo-European is a reconstructed language, meaning, it is what linguists concluded a parent language of Sanskrit, Latin and Greek would have to be like.
原始印欧语是一门经过重构得出的语言，也就是说，这就是语言学家总结出梵语、拉丁语和希腊语的母系语言的样子。

Proto-language
A proto-language in the tree model of historical linguistics is a language – usually hypothetical or reconstructed, and unattested – from which a number of attested, or documented, known languages are believed to have descended by evolution, or slow modification of the proto-language into languages that form a language family.In the strict sense, a proto-language is the latest common ancestor of a language family (immediately before the start of the divergence into the attested idioms) and thus corresponds to the most recent common ancestor in biology, although the term is often used more loosely. Moreover, a group of idioms (such as a dialect cluster) which are not considered separate languages (for whichever reasons) can also be described as descending from a unitary proto-language.Occasionally, the German term Ursprache (from Ur- "primordial" and Sprache "language", pronounced [ˈʔuːɐ.ʃpʁaː.xə]) is used instead.

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