In music theory, a predominant chord (also pre-dominant) is any chord which normally resolves to a dominant chord. Examples of predominant chords are the subdominant (IV), supertonic (ii), Neapolitan sixth and German sixth. Other examples are the secondary dominant (V/V), secondary leading tone chord, iv and ii°. The predominant harmonic function is part of the fundamental harmonic progression of many classical works.The dominant preparation is a chord or series of chords that precedes the dominant chord in a musical composition.[dubious – discuss] Usually, the dominant preparation is derived from a circle of fifths progression. The most common dominant preparation chords are the supertonic, the subdominant, the V7/V, the Neapolitan chord (N6 or ♭II6), and the augmented sixth chords (e.g., Fr+6).In sonata form, the dominant preparation is in the development, immediately preceding the recapitulation. Ludwig van Beethoven's sonata-form works generally have extensive dominant preparation — for example, in the first movement of the Sonata Pathétique, the dominant preparation lasts for 29 measures (mm. 169-197)[citation needed].