The Sabaeans or Sabeans (Arabic: السبئيون‎ as-Saba’iyūn) (Hebrew: סבא‎) were an ancient people speaking an Old South Arabian language who lived in what is today Yemen, in the south west of the Arabian Peninsula.Sabeans inhabited the Biblical land of Sheba, a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years in modern-day Yemen.Modern archaeological studies support the view that the biblical kingdom of Sheba was the ancient Semitic civilization of Sabaeans in Yemen, between 1200 BC until 275 AD with its capital Marib. The Kingdom fell after a long but sporadic civil war between several Yemenite dynasties claiming kingship, resulting in the rise of the late Himyarite Kingdom. Sabaeans are mentioned in the Book of Job, Joel, Ezekiel, and Isaiah chapter XLV.