The CV graphite was formed in the second stage and grew in contact with the liquid due to partial dissolution of the austenite shell surrounding the graphite spheroid.

Solidification process of CV graphite iron with the addition of various CV-graphitizing materials and the crystallization behavior of the graphite during the eutectic reaction was clarified.

The paper investigated the vermicular graphite and its transition morphologies to lamellar and spheroidal graphite in deep-etched compacted vermicular iron bars by SEM.