• 1. underlying instruments: 标的证券 | 标的物 | 标的资产 | 基础工具
• 2. Underlying Financial Instruments: 金融工具 | 原生工具

• 1.Market-risk teams saw them as credit instruments, since the underlying assets were loans.
  而市场风险小组认为它们是信用工具，因为这些产品的基础资产是贷款。
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• 2.What we must take away from this is that CDS are toxic instruments whose use ought to be strictly regulated: Only those who own the underlying bonds ought to be allowed to buy them.
  我们从中应该学到，CDS是一种有害的金融工具，其用途应该被严格规范：只有持有其所包含的债券的个人或机构才能购买。
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• 3.Derivative instruments: a contract whose value changes as prices move in a related or underlying commodity or financial instrument.
  衍生金融工具：一种合同，其价值随着有关或特定商品或金融工具的价格变动而变化。
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