• 1. Prior Knowledge and Learning: 前知识和学习

• 1.More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning".
  十多年前，当时在范德比尔特大学工作的认知科学家约翰·布兰斯福德和丹尼尔·施瓦茨发现，年轻人与儿童的区别不在于记住事实或将已有知识应用于新情况的能力，而是一种他们称之为“为未来学习做准备”的品质。
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• 2.It also put increased emphasis on the role of prior knowledge in learning new knowledge and skills.
  它也对于在学习新知识和技巧时以前知识的作用给予了更多的强调。
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• 3.Graphical diagrams and imagery strategies can help learners to make meaningful connections between their prior knowledge and the new information they are learning.
  象绘画一样的图表和图像策略能帮助学习者在以前知识和当前所获取的信息之间建立起有意义的连结。
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