• 1. external loads: 工作载荷 | 外加负载 | 外负荷
• 2. external loads on nozzle: 接管外载荷
• 3. External & Internal Loads: 内部和外部负荷

• 1.Each such beam is subjected to the external loads that normally act upon it, together with the two redundant moments at its ends.
  每一根这样的梁承受垂直作用于其上的外荷，以及两端的两赘余弯矩。
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• 2.The general formulae for the analysis of stresses and displacements in an elastic layered systems subjected to external loads are derived in this paper.
  本文首先导出了在圆形分布荷载作用下层状弹性体系应力与位移计算的一般性公式。
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• 3.Thus the whole space structure is divided into many planar structures bearing external loads together and structures perpendicular to the plane share no loads.
  因此，整个结构可以划分为若干个平面结构，共同抵抗与平面结构平行的侧向荷载，垂直于该平面方向的结构不参加受力；
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