面包在烤制的时候，碳水化合物会分解成黑碳和水。
When bread is baked (烘焙), the carbohydrates break down into black carbon and water.
未燃烧的植物腐烂得很快，但黑碳在土壤中存留了好几个世纪。
Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries.
森林仅仅燃烧一次就能留下足够的黑碳，来保持数千年土壤肥沃。
Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years.
与人类活动破坏环境的传统观点相反，格拉泽说：“与人类排泄物结合的黑碳是黑土高地土壤肥沃的原因。”
Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says, "Black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils."
对黑碳来说，更是如此。
黑碳对冰冷地区的影响更有危害性。
Black carbon has particularly pernicious effects on frozen regions.
甲烷是这些气体的最重要部分，然后才是黑碳和一氧化氮。
Methane is the most important of these gases, followed by black carbon and nitrous oxide.
辛德尔补充说对黑碳影响的科学理解在不同地区是不同的。
Shindell added that the scientific understanding of black carbon's impact varies by region.
“黑碳寿命很短，大约平均一到两个星期，”雅各布森说。
"The lifetime of black carbon is pretty short, about one to two weeks on average," Jacobson said.
产生黑碳的，是柴油机与烧木材牛粪的原始炉子。
Black carbon is produced by diesel engines and primitive stoves burning wood and cow dung.
黑碳对大气的影响会因为许多别的因素增强或减小。
骑自行车者比步行者吸入更多黑碳，因为他们呼吸得更快更深。
Cyclists take in more black carbon because they breathe faster and deeper than walkers.
研究比较了步行与骑自行车去工作的人，看看他们吸入了多少黑碳。
A study compared people who walk or bike to work, to see how much black carbon they were exposed to.
值域变动范围大主要是因为对黑碳和云层怎样相互影响还了解得不全面。
The wide range is primarily because of incomplete knowledge about how black carbon and clouds interact.
一项新的研究证实，黑碳-更通俗称为煤烟-是全球变暖的一个重要因素。
A new study confirms that black carbon — more commonly known as soot — is a significant player in global warming.
黑碳从印度“浴缸”边缘溢出来，给亚洲高耸的冰山带去了威胁。
Black carbon slopping over India’s bathtub rim represents a threat to Asia’s high glaciers.
他尤其指出，研究小组在太空旅行飞船每次航行会释放多少黑碳上缺少数据。
He notes in particular that the team lacked data on how much black carbon would be emitted per flight by space tourism vehicles.
他们传递了这样一条信息：控制黑碳排放将既有利于人类健康，也有利于环境。
Their message: controlling black carbon emissions could be a win-win for both human health and the environment.
这是因为黑碳在大气中滞留1至4周，而二氧化碳的寿命为数百年乃至数千年。
That is because black carbon lingers in the atmosphere for one to four weeks, compared to CO2's lifetime of centuries to millennia.
“因为黑碳寿命很短，一旦将其消除，就可以迅速对气候产生影响，”雅各布森说。
"Because black carbon has a short lifetime, if you can remove it, you can have a fast climate impact," Jacobson said.
小组只是假设维珍银河号的橡胶燃料引擎，每燃烧1千克的燃料会释放60克黑碳。
The team assumed that Virgin Galactic's rubber-burning engine would emit 60 grams of black carbon per kilogram of fuel burned.
因炉灶燃烧不完全而释放的甲烷和黑碳(煤烟颗粒)是导致气候出现重大变化的污染物。
Methane and black carbon (sooty particles) emitted by inefficient stove combustion are powerful climate change pollutants.
减排燃烧化石燃料，草木，畜粪及其它能源所产生的黑碳，或烟尘可能会减缓全球变暖。
Cutting the black carbon, or soot, produced by burning fossil fuels, vegetation, dung and other sources could reduce global warming.
减少这种黑碳来源有助于减少由于生物燃料烟尘导致的每年大约150万过早死亡，雅各布森说。
Cutting that source of black carbon could help reduce the estimated 1.5 million premature deaths per year attributed to biofuel soot, Jacobson said.
他认为二氧化碳是主要的“凶手”，而北冰洋雪和冰上聚集的黑碳对反射作用的影响很小。
Carbon dioxide, in his view, is the main culprit. Black carbon deposited on the Arctic snow and ice, he says, will have only a minimal effect on its reflectivity.
像二氧化碳一样，黑碳吸收阳光和红外线辐射，将热量滞留在大气中-包括最接近地球表面的边界层。
Like carbon dioxide, black carbon absorbs sunlight and infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere — including the boundary layer closest to Earth's surface.
像二氧化碳一样，黑碳吸收阳光和红外线辐射，将热量滞留在大气中-包括最接近地球表面的边界层。
Like carbon dioxide, black carbon absorbs sunlight and infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere — including the boundary layer closest to Earth's surface.
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