在图中还有其他背景性的透镜星系，而天文学家正是通过它们计算出了146-IG的质量。
There are other lensed background galaxies in the image as well, and the astronomers used those to get the mass of 146-ig.
它没有多少可见尘埃，表明是个低尘埃透镜星系，但也有可能当从上往下看时会发现螺旋状的结构。
Its lack of a visible dust lane indicates that it is a low-dust lenticular galaxy, although it is still possible that a view from on top would reveal spiral structure.
此外，该图像部分的透镜星系出现红色-大的距离，这些星系的红移介绍，轮班其光红色部分频谱。
In addition the images of some of the lensed galaxies appear red - the large distance to these galaxies introduce redshift, which shifts their light to the red part of the spectrum.
例如，当恒星发出的光经过一个星系附近，其路径会弯曲，改变恒星出现在天空中的位置——这就是所谓的引力透镜效应。
When light from a star passes near a galaxy, for example, its path bends, changing where the star appears in the sky-the so-called gravitational lensing effect.
这个新发现的透镜，以及研究人员正在寻找的另外一个类似星体将有助于人们了解将类星体纳入中心的星系。
The newfound lens, and similar ones being sought by researchers, could provide an opportunity to learn about the galaxies that shelter quasars in their centers.
但仔细观察会发现许多背景上的星系都由于该星群的引力透镜的偏斜而被扩大并扭曲成怪异的长条弧状曲线。
A close inspection, however, shows that many background galaxies are strangely magnified and distorted into long curving arcs by the gravitational lens deflections of the cluster.
结果是这些背景星系的多重影像被扭曲成长而暗的弧——透镜效应的例子，类似于透过酒瓶底的玻璃看远处的街灯。
As a result, multiple images of these background galaxies are distorted into long faint arcs — a simple lensing effect analogous to viewing distant street lamps through a glass of wine.
天文学家通过一种叫做引力透镜效应的物理现象来测算星系中暗物质的质量。
Astronomers measure how much dark matter lies in galaxies by a fluke of physics called gravitational lensing.
大多数介入其中的星系就像透镜一样发挥作用，所以“引力透镜”因此得名；同时经过的光线会发生各种各样离奇的效应。
The mass of the intervening galaxy acts like a lens, hence the term, and it can have all sorts of weird effects on the light.
引力透镜公式计算所有的变量，比如距离和密度，对光何时离开背景星系以及行走了多远的距离给出更好答案。
The gravitational lens equations account for all the variables such as distance and density, and provide a better idea of when light left the background galaxy and how far it traveled.
引力透镜的工作原理如下：较近的大型物体如星系挡住一个远处的物体，如另一个星系时，光可以从阻挡物的旁边绕过来。
Gravitational lensing works like this: When a large nearby object like a galaxy blocks a distant object, such as another galaxy, the light can detour around the blockage.
拿星系作为透镜来观察其它星系，这种全新的、精确的手段确认了宇宙的大小和年龄，及其膨胀的速度。
The size and age of the universe, as well as how fast it is expanding, has been confirmed with a new, precise method that USES galaxies as lenses to look at other galaxies.
这种“引力透镜”足以有力地描绘一个遥远星系中某个星球的大陆和海洋。
A "gravitational lens" of this type could be powerful enough to map the continents and oceans of a planet in a distant star system.
所以研究人员使用统计分析来观测星系的位置和形状，从而找出由弱透镜效应造成的微小偏移。
So researchers used a statistical analysis to measure the orientation and shape of the galaxies to find small distortions due to so-called weak lensing.
一百年前，爱因斯坦语言了一种宇宙重力透镜，这种透镜能够勾勒出宇宙中的的巨大星系。
A century ago, Einstein predicted an effect called cosmic gravitational lensing. Picture a massive galaxy out in space.
研究人员分析了从星系核球——即银河系的中心区域——搜集的微重力透镜研究数据。
The researchers examined data collected from microlensing surveys of what is called the Galactic Bulge, the central area of our own Milky Way.
光环的直径不仅取决于产生它的星系的远近还与引力透镜的质量有关——质量越大光就弯曲的越厉害。
The diameter of the rings depends not only on the distance to the galaxies that caused them but also on the masses of those galaxies. The more massive they are, the more the light is bent.
这个编号为MACS J 1149.5 + 2223的星团质量很大，它(通过引力透镜效应)把这个遥远的星系放大了。
Named MACS J1149.5 + 2223, the cluster is massive and its gravity magnifies the distant galaxy.
暗物质构成了大部分的总质量，并主宰了集群的引力透镜，或从光线弯曲的背景星系因引力。
The dark matter makes up most of the total mass, and dominates the gravitational lensing of the cluster, or the bending of light from background galaxies due to gravity.
得益于它们的重量，MACS星系就像一个巨大的宇宙镜头，能放大，变形和弯曲经过它们的任何光，和引力透镜的效果一样。
Because of their heft, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, magnifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them - an effect known as gravitational lensing.
他们通过各种技术绘制了大量“暗物质地图”，包括星系簇的引力透镜效应。
They've created numerous "dark matter maps" using different techniques, including gravitational lensing of galaxy clusters.
在可见光图像中巨长的弧线是由于背景巨大质量星系群的引力透镜所导致的，如此巨大系统中的弧线还从没见过。
The long arcs in the optical image are caused by gravitational lensing of background galaxies by matter in the galaxy cluster, the largest system of such arcs ever found.
然而，克劳斯说：“爱因斯坦只考虑到了恒星的透镜效应，没有想到星系。他的确不那么精通天文学。”
But Dr. Krauss said: "He only thought of lensing by stars and didn't think of galaxies. He really wasn't much of an astronomer. ""
到目前为止，和引力透镜主要观察周围的星系团。
And so far gravitational lenses have mainly been observed around clusters of galaxies.
引力微透镜是探索未知领域基本上是太阳系外行星的发现，找到冷岩石行星和太阳系外行星系统类似于我们自己。
Gravitational microlensing is probing a largely uncharted territory of extrasolar planet discovery, by finding cold rocky planets and extrasolar planetary systems resembling our own.
以后对于这个星系群的研究需要被用来解释关于基于用X射线数据和引力透镜估算质量的不协调问题。
Further studies of this cluster are needed to explain the lack of agreement, between mass estimates based on the X-ray data and on the gravitational lensing.
以后对于这个星系群的研究需要被用来解释关于基于用X射线数据和引力透镜估算质量的不协调问题。
Further studies of this cluster are needed to explain the lack of agreement, between mass estimates based on the X-ray data and on the gravitational lensing.
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