这一推理路线是一个令人兴奋的螺旋星系结构新理论的基础。
This line of reasoning underlies an exciting new theory of spiral-galaxy structure.
如果许多这样的链是在一个不同的旋转星系中产生的，那么恒星的分布将类似于在螺旋星系中观察到的分布。
If many such chains were created in a differentially rotating galaxy, the distribution of stars would resemble the observed distribution in a spiral galaxy.
天文学家们的下一步工作是：研究更多超远距离之外的螺旋星系。
The next step for the astronomers is to study additional spiral galaxies at great distances.
星系主要分为三类：螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系。
Galaxies are classified into three main types: spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.
银河是螺旋星系；那是如果观看从它在远处会类似螺旋。
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy; that is, if viewed from afar it would resemble a spiral.
椭圆星系是较晚才出现的，它们是螺旋星系合并的后果。
The other is that ellipticals are relative latecomers, having been produced as a result of the merging of spiral galaxies.
从海洋贝类、螺旋星系再到人类肺部的结构，混沌的模型无处不在。
From sea shells and spiral galaxies to the structure of human lungs, the patterns of chaos are all around us.
但是一个就在我们附近的小螺旋星系里，恒星生成的过程几乎结束了。
But for a nearby, small spiral galaxy, the star-making party is almost over.
所以矮星系在其中心可能存在着暗物质的尖点而螺旋星系不太可能。
So dwarf galaxies would presumably exhibit the cusp of dark-matter particles in their centers that spirals lack.
一些螺旋星系的形状甚至更有趣，这也使它们获得描述性的名字，例如宽边帽星系。
Some spiral galaxies obtain even more interesting shapes that earn them descriptive names, such as sombrero galaxies.
象银河系一样，螺旋星系由一个中间鼓起的扁圆盘和环绕在周围的螺旋形手臂组成。
Spiral galaxies, such as the Milky Way, consist of a flat disk with a bulging center and surrounding spiral arms.
最后一张照片是名为ngc 4145的典型螺旋星系，距地球约6800万光年。
The last picture is of a classic spiral galaxy called NGC 4145, located approximately 68 million light-years from Earth.
图像前所未有的详细揭示了这个著名的“宏伟壮丽”的螺旋星系目前诞生恒星的速度。
The image reveals in unprecedented detail the current rapidrate of star birth in this famous "grand design" spiral galaxy.
大螺旋星系m 81最近给力的“借火”将这个又被称为M82的不规则的星系唤起。
M82, as this irregular galaxy is also known, was stirred up by a recent pass near large spiral galaxy M81.
至少螺旋星系的核球与晕，以及某些椭圆星系，可能是由此种碰撞产生的。
At least some elliptical galaxies, as well as the bulges and halos of spiral galaxies, may have arisen from such collisions.
人们认为象银河系这样的螺旋星系是在与其它星系的碰撞和兼并中壮大的。
Spiral galaxies like the Milky Way are thought to bulk up in collisions and mergers with other galaxies.
这些恒星象螺旋星系中的恒星一样围绕星系中心运转，但在方向上更随机一些。
Their stars orbit the galactic center, like those in the disks of spiral galaxies, but they do so in more random directions.
但是除去这数以万计的星系，我们怎么知道哪些是椭圆星系哪些是螺旋星系呢？
But out of these million galaxies, how do we know which are spirals and which are ellipticals?
因为我们看到的它还处于早期，这个结果表明螺旋星系主盘开始时有着很大的金属丰度梯度。
Because we see the galaxy when it was young, this result suggests spiral discs start off with steep metallicity gradients.
不幸的是，这样遥远的螺旋星系看起来是那么小，那么模糊，直到现在都没人能做到这一点。
Unfortunately, such distant spirals look so small and faint that no one has ever done so – until now.
远离螺旋星系的盘状物出现在大约400的位置，而螺旋星系惊人的美景出现在500以后。
A pan away from a spiral galaxy occurs at about 4:00, and breathtaking vistas of the spiral occur until past 5:00.
一个螺旋星系产生的磁场遍布各处，但在局部它则把大块的尘埃和气体聚集起来继而产生星体。
A spiral galaxy's magnetic field is global, but it likely ACTS locally to assemble huge clouds of gas and dust that then spawn stars.
碰撞也会改变星系的外形，特别是当两螺旋星系融合后可能会产生单一的椭圆星系。
Collisions also can transform the shape of galaxies involved; specifically, the merger of two spiral galaxies may produce a single elliptical galaxy.
由于气体只占螺旋星系质量几个百分点，研究人员为使模拟较容易处理而将之省略。
Because gas constitutes only a few percent of the mass of spiral galaxies, modelers had neglected it to make the simulations more tractable.
通过一个偶然的机会，宇宙学家们第一次测量到了九十亿光年之外某个螺旋星系的一个关键性质。
By exploiting a lucky accident, astronomers have for the first time measured a key property of a spiral galaxy located more than nine billion light-years away.
我们曾经认为在典型螺旋星系的明亮中心以外，亮度随距中心距离的增加而急剧减弱。
It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center.
然而，结果是朝着银河系的北极，大多数螺旋星系是逆时针旋转，也就是说，他们都是朝着右方的。
However, it turned out that towards the North Pole of the Milky Way counterclockwise rotation among spiral galaxies is dominant, that is, they are oriented in the right direction.
美国国家航空航天局的雨燕卫星，捕捉到了一个与我们临近的螺旋星系迄今为止最清晰的图像。
NASA’s Swift satellite has captured the best view of a neighboring spiral galaxy that we’ve seen yet.
查克拉·巴蒂的观测方法很直接，通过分析螺旋星系氢分布的涟漪来推测卫星星系的位置和大小。
Chakrabarti's method observes them indirectly by analyzing the ripples in the hydrogen gas distribution in spiral galaxies and inferring the position and size of the satellites.
实际上，我们已经知道我们附近的仙女座大型螺旋星系大约距离有200万光年之遥，并且正在靠近银河系。
In fact, the nearby large spiral Andromeda Galaxy is known to be some 2 million light-years away and approaching the Milky way.
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