当胚发育到4—6个细胞时，在胚囊珠孔瑞的游离核之间先形成细胞壁。细胞壁的形成是以自由壁的方式从珠孔端到合点端自外向内进行。
The free cell wall formation occurs first in the micropylar end when the embryo is 4-6 celled stage, then to the chalazal end and the center.
最后在不拔出注射针的情况下直接注射细胞核或完整细胞进而完成重构胚的构建。
Then a reconstructed embryo was completed by the direct injection of the donor nucleus or cell without pulling out the injection pipette.
结论优化的电融合参数是决定供体核-卵母细胞复合体融合与重组胚激活的关键因素。
Conclusion Optimal parameters for electrofusion are crucial for the fusion of donor-recipient pairs and the activation of the reconstructed embryo.
目的：探讨胞质内直接注核法和电融合法对大鼠-小鼠种间体细胞核移植重组胚发育的影响。
Objective:To study the effect of reconstructed embryos by cytoplasm injection and electrical fusion in rat-mouse inter-species somatic cell nuclear transplantation.
因此本文主要综述了影响体细胞克隆猪的几个因素，涉及胞质受体、供核细胞、显微操作、激活以及重组胚移植。
The paper mainly reviewed several factors on influencing somatic cloning of pigs, which involve in cytoplast recipients, donor cells, micromanipulation, activation and reconstituted embryo transfer.
供体核和受体胞质是影响核移植重构胚重编程的主要因素。
The donor cell and recipient cytoplasm are main factors in the nuclear transfer reprogramming.
选用陕北黑山羊的4 - 32细胞胚和萨能奶山羊的次级卯母细胞分别作核供体和胞质供体。
The secondary oocytes from Saanen dairy goats and 4-32 cell embryos from Shaanbei black goats were used as cytoplast donors and karyoplast donors respectively.
苹果削皮去核后，切成4块。把它们放到面胚上。
Peel and core the apples, then cut into 4 pieces. Arrange them on the crust.
用离子霉素或乙醇预激活去核卵母细胞，对重组胚的卵裂和发育无明显影响。
Preactivating donor cells and enucleated oocytes with ionomycin has no significant enhancive effect on the cleavage of constructed embryos, but it arrests the blastocyst development.
珠心细胞只有两层，细胞核大，胞质丰富，内含贮藏物质，至心形胚期逐渐解体。
There were only two layers of nucellus which had abundant cytoplasm and reserved substance, and were consumed at the stage of late heart-shaped embryo.
在椭形胚期，宿存助细胞核内的染色质及核仁消失，有细胞质侵入核内。
At ellipsoidal embryo stage, the chromatin and nucleoli disappear and some cytoplasm enters the nucleus.
胚性细胞核大，质浓，富含各种细胞器。
The embryogenic cells were characterized by large nucleus, dense cytoplasm, abundant organelles.
以反向核不育水稻品系FHS为研究材料，对其成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及其再生条件进行了研究。
The culture condition of callus formation and plantlet regeneration of revers genic sterile rice variety FHS was studied.
授粉后7-8天，在胚囊中见到二细胞原胚及数个胚乳游离核。
There ware two cell proembryo and some endosperm free nucleuses in the embryo sac 7-8 days after pollination;
结果表明，纳米颗粒在界面处的吸附可减小核化的平衡胚泡半径，降低沸腾核化势垒，有利于核化的发生。
The results showed that nanoparticles accumulation at the vapor-liquid interface decreased embryo bubble radius and the potential barrier of nucleation, facilitating liquid nucleation.
当胚乳游离核达到1 6或32个时，最早的珠心胚原始细胞由靠近胚囊珠孔端的珠心细胞分化形成。
When the free nuclei of the endosperm were 16 or 32, the nucellar embryo initial (s) originated from the nucellar cells near the micropylar end of the embryo sac.
核供体和卵母细胞线粒体都损伤的核移植胚发育率的变化规律与卵胞质受体线粒体损伤的核移植胚一致。
After both nuclear donor and ooplasmic recipient mitochondria are damaged, the development pattern of reconstructed embryos is the same with as that of only ooplasmic recipient mitochondrial damaged.
去核时卵母细胞质剩得过少可导致移核胚过早（6-细胞期）发生致密化或形成内细胞团细胞数目较少的小囊胚；
Too much reduction of the cytoplasmic mass at enucleationled to premature compaction of the nuclear transplant embryos at 6-cell stage or the formation of small blastocysts with few ICM cells;
计算表明，变形能的加入可以使临界核胚减小，并且提高铁素体开始转变的温度。
Results show that the critical nucleus will be reduced and the initial transformation temperature of ferrite improved with increase of the deformation store energy.
计算表明，变形能的加入可以使临界核胚减小，并且提高铁素体开始转变的温度。
Results show that the critical nucleus will be reduced and the initial transformation temperature of ferrite improved with increase of the deformation store energy.
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