最近发现：尽管碎石技术有所进步，在经皮肾镜取石术中出血仍是引起患者死亡的原因。
Recent findings: Despite advances in lithotripsy technology, bleeding continues to be a cause of patient morbidity in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
评论目的：由于泌尿外科医师需要长期依靠经皮肾镜取石术，对于相关的出血风险及其处理的清楚了解是必要的。
Purpose of review: as urologists will continue to rely on percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a clear understanding of its associated bleeding risks and management is mandatory.
总结了输尿管肾镜下套石篮取石的经验教训。
The experience of ureteroscopic basket extraction of ureteral stone was proposed.
前言：目的探讨经皮肾穿取石术中通过简单精确的定位建立手术通道的方法。
Objective: to study a way with simple and accurate localization in establishing a channel of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
目的评价经肾窦肾盂切开取石术治疗鹿角型结石的疗效。
Objective To evaluate the effects of intrasinusal pyelolithotomy for the removal staghorn stone.
目的探讨原位低温阻断肾血管肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的效果。
Objective to assess the effect of renal parenchyma lithotomy by hypothermic renal vascular block for complicated renal calculi.
目的：观察体外冲击波碎石术治疗肾感染石的疗效。
Objective: to observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of renal infection stones.
方法分析236例微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的配合及护理经验。
Methods Retrospective summarized the nursing and cooperation points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy among 236 patients.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发症的发生情况及处理措施。
Objective To evaluate the occurrence and management of complications following minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (MPCNL).
目的探讨输尿管镜取石术（URL）及微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。
To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.
目的：总结腹腔镜下经腹输尿管切开取石加肾折叠术治疗输尿管结石并重度肾积水的经验。
Objective:To Summarize the experience of the new technique of endo-laparoscopic ureterotomy and renal plication in the treatment of ureteral stone with giant hydronephrosis.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。
Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.
目的探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石(MPCNL)术中肾盂内压变化对术后并发症的影响。
Objective By monitoring the renal pelvic pressure during MPCNL via different size percutaneous tracts, inspected its influence to postoperative complications.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的有效配合及护理要点。
Objective To study the nursing points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
结果X线对肾绞痛的尿石阳性发现率为2 0 % ，输尿管镜的阳性率为90 % ；
Results Positive rate of X-ray of diagnosis renal colic as urolithiasis was 20%, and that of ureteroscopy was 90%.
目的观察在肾、输尿管结石手术取石后采用双J管内引流的效果。
Objective:To observe the effect of drainage with double- J tubes after the extraction operation of kidney and ureter calculus.
前言：目的：探讨侧卧位在经皮肾穿刺取石术中的应用价值。
Objective: to study the value of lateral position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
目的探讨经皮肾镜下应用第三代弹道超声波碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石的临床效果和操作体会。
Objective to evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss LithoClast Master under ultrasound guidance in treating upper urinary tract calculi.
加强微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾铸型结石病人的护理是手术成功的保证。
Conclusion: To strengthen nursing care of patients with solitary kidney cast mould stone treated by micro-invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the assurance for a successful operation.
方法对4 1例巨大鹿角形肾结石患者行切开肾后唇的肾盂切开取石术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。
Methods Clinical data of 41 cases with renal giant staghorn calculi treated with incision of the renal posterior lip pyelolithotomy were retrospectively analyzed.
目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石取石术的手术护理，以提高手术护理质量。
Objective: to investigate the operative nurse of minimally invasive percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), and to improve the quality of the nursing.
目的评价超声引导下标准经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效和治疗经验。
ObjectivesTo present the clinic efficacy and our experience with PCNL under B-type ultrasound guidance in the treatment of calculus in upper urinary.
方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年1月收治53例微创经皮肾取石术严重出血的临床资料。
Methods 53 cases of severe hemorrhage during or after MPCNL from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.
经皮肾穿肾镜取石，肾盂和输尿管上段结石的取净率为100%；
The stone-free rate of PCNL was 100% for pelvic and upper ureteral stone and 95% for stag-horn stone.
目的比较微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗孤立肾与非孤立肾肾结石的安全性和有效性。
Objective to compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of renal calculi with solitary kidney and without solitary kidney.
目的比较微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗孤立肾与非孤立肾肾结石的安全性和有效性。
Objective to compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of renal calculi with solitary kidney and without solitary kidney.
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