赛克斯解释了遗传学与人类进化的原理，线粒体遗传学的特性，还有通过对古代dna的分析来寻找现代人类与史前祖先的遗传关系。
Sykes explains the principles of genetics and human evolution, the particularities of mitochondrial genetics, and analyses of ancient DNA to genetically link modern humans to prehistoric ancestors.
以前曾在实验室里观察到过线粒体在通过不同遗传途径形成的细胞间转移，但在自然界中观察到该现象还是第一次。
Mitochondrial transfer between genetically distinct cells has previously been observed in the laboratory, but this is the first time it has been demonstrated to occur in nature.
有可能，科学家依据哪个能够用来进行测试，可以看到样本中线粒体或Y染色体的遗传相似性。
It's possible scientists could have looked at genetic similarities in the mitochondria or even Y chromosome of samples as well, depending on what's available to test.
结合物的细胞核基因是人类的，但是一小部分其它基因（位于细胞核外的称为线粒体的组织里面）来自兔子的遗传。
The nuclear genes of the result would be human, but a handful of other genes, which inhabit structures outside the nucleus, called mitochondria, would be inherited from the rabbit.
这个结果很令人吃惊，因为线粒体及其基因通常只会母子遗传。
The results are surprising because mitochondria and their genes are usually only passed from a mother to her offspring.
他们还证实，在对家庭成员进行测试之后发现，没有一位父亲的线粒体会遗传给后代，这与先前的预期完全一致。
Testing members of families, they confirmed, as expected, that none of a father's mitochondria are passed on to his children.
该技术还没有被批准用于人类生殖，但可以设想会用于防止遗传性，这类通常是致命的线粒体疾病。
The technique hasn't been approved for use in human reproduction, but could conceivably be used to prevent hereditary, often-fatal mitochondrial disease.
有些科学家提出，我们从母体遗传来的线粒体DNA很少发生变异，说明瓶颈发生在不久以前祖先走出非洲的时候。
Some researchers proposed that the lack of variation in our maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA suggested these bottlenecks took place as our ancestors spread out of Africa relatively recently.
路易十七的母亲玛丽·安托瓦·内特的亲属允许利用线粒体d NA技术，把他的心脏dna和他母亲的遗物进行基因比对，而线粒体dNA是从母亲遗传给其子女。
Bodily remains of Marie Antoinette maternal relatives allowed for genetic comparisons to the DNA in the heart using mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down from a mother to her children.
线粒体并不使用通用的遗传密码。
接着，研究人员对他的线粒体d NA进行了测试，线粒体中的DNA是从母亲那儿遗传下来的，所谓母系遗传。
Then the researchers tested his mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down through your maternal lineage.
许多人认为，线粒体可能发挥更大的作用-包含细胞内的细胞核外的遗传物质。
Many believe mitochondria may play a bigger role - genetic material contained within the cell but outside the nucleus.
利用先进的遗传技术，研究人员能够建立携带荧光蛋白标记物的小鼠模型，进而仅仅识别神经元中的线粒体。
Using advanced genetic techniques, the researchers have produced mice with fluorescent protein markers that identify only the mitochondria in neurons.
这种结合的效果似乎还不错，并且肯定比遗传失效的线粒体要好。
The effects of such mixing seem benign—and certainly better than inheriting misfiring mitochondria.
英国议会已经认定，如果线粒体dna存在缺陷并且会导致母体将致命性疾病遗传给孩子，那么可以将其替换。
Parliament has ruled that inherited DNA in the mitochondria can be replaced if they are defective and the cause of devastating diseases that are passed down from mothers to their children.
此外，少数基因遗传性的帕病病人在一些控制线粒体功能的关键基因上发生了基因突变。
Furthermore, some patients with a rare, genetically inherited form of Parkinson's disease carry mutations in key genes that regulate mitochondrial function.
线粒体基因组的物理和遗传图谱已经构建。
Genetic and physical maps of mitochondrial genome have been created.
从遗传学角度讲，为了避免同一个细胞内不同的线粒体相互排斥，大多数生物都会选择系属同一个细胞的线粒体，通常是同一个雌细胞。
To avoid fights between genetically different mitochondria in the same cell, most species have arranged for their mitochondria to come from only one parent—usually the mother.
遗传信息由染色体和线粒体的DNA携带。
The genetic information is carried in the DNA of the chromosomes and mitochondria.
线粒体dNA仅占人类细胞所有遗传物质的0.1%，且不会影响头发、眼睛颜色或性格等关键特征。
Mitochondrial DNA makes up only about 0.1 percent of all the inherited genetic material in a human cell and does not affect key characteristics such as hair and eye colour or personality.
细胞内线粒体是产能的主要来源并携带它们自己固有的一套遗传指令——线粒体DNA（mtDNA），进行有氧呼吸。
Mitochondria are the primary source of energy production in cells and carry their own set of genetic instructions, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), to carry out aerobic respiration.
最近对线粒体和非传统的遗传方式已有所了解。
More recently, mitochondrial and nontraditional patterns of inheritance have been recognized.
“我们一直在努力防止孩子一出生就带有致命的疾病”，线粒体dna只是通过母体遗传。
"We're trying to prevent kids being born with fatal diseases." Mitochondrial DNA is passed down only through the female line.
线粒体dna是核外唯一的遗传物质，较核d NA更易发生突变。
Mitochondrial DNA was the only genetic material outside of nuclear.
本论文包括三部分： 第一章：多足动物线粒体基因组和地理种群遗传变异分析的研究进展。
This thesis includes three chapters: Chapter 1: Recent progress on myriapoda mitochondrial genome and genetic variation analysis of Otostigmns (O.
方法应用PCR和DNA序列分析技术，对一个有明确氨基糖苷类抗生素应用史的母系遗传耳聋家系共18人（包括聋人和听力正常者）的线粒体DNA进行研究。
Methods The mutation of mitochondrial DNA from all 18 family members of a chinese pedigree with maternally inherited aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced deafness was detected by PCR and DNA sequencing.
线粒体疾病是遗传性的，目前无法医治。
Mitochondrial diseases are hereditary, and at the moment incurable.
目的研究线粒体dna点突变与遗传性共济失调(HA)的关系。
Objective to study the possible relationship between mitochondrial DNA point mutations and hereditary ataxia (HA).
目的研究线粒体dna点突变与遗传性共济失调(HA)的关系。
Objective to study the possible relationship between mitochondrial DNA point mutations and hereditary ataxia (HA).
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