在饥荒、疾病和苦难中，气候突变的代价往往很高。
The price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.
此外，创始者突变的单一拷贝通常赋予携带者生存优势。
Furthermore, the single copy of a founder mutation often confers a survival advantage on carriers.
例如，因为突变的基因可以提高铁的吸收效率，所以遗传性血色素沉着病突变可以保护带菌者不缺铁。
For example, the hereditary hemochromatosis mutation protects carriers from iron-deficiency because the mutated gene allows increased efficiency of iron absorption.
本研究旨在构建具有猪 MSTN 前肽基因定点突变的真核表达载体。
This research intended to construct a eukaryotic expression vector with a site-directed mutation of porcine MSTN propeptide gene.
但是盛行的观点一直认为癌症是基因突变的结果。
But the prevailing view has long been that cancer is the result of genetic mutations.
本次研究中，患者发生突变的基因名为TDP43。
The patients in the study carry a mutation in a gene called TDP43.
有2500名基因突变的女性参与了该项为期四年的研究。
The four-year study involved about two thousand five hundred women with the genetic mutations.
劳动力供给突变的幅度大小取决于一国的感染率和死亡率高低。
Labor supply shocks varied depending on the infection rate and mortality in a given country.
科学家们对老鼠进行的行为观察显示，基因突变的雌雄鼠之间的互动减少。
Behavioral observations indicated reduced male-female social interactions in the SHANK3 mutant mice.
我们知道，当阻止生长失控的基因遭到突变的破坏之后，细胞就会产生癌变。
A cell becomes cancerous when the genes that stop runaway growth are sabotaged by mutations.
当蛋白质根据新编码合成时，就会与未突变的蛋白有一些细微差异。
When a protein gets made from that new code, it’ll be slightly different from usual.
“外显子组测序在稀有突变的发现上有很多优势，”Wang表示。
"Exome sequencing has a lot of advantages for the discovery of rare mutations," said Wang.
导致视力稍微提高这一突变给第一个经历这种突变的个体带来了好处。
A mutation that led to slightly improved vision benefited the individual in which it first occurred.
其中的教训是，无法应对结构性突变的预测方法，会几乎无限次地失效。
The lesson is that a forecasting technique that cannot deal with structural breaks is a forecasting technique that can misfire almost indefinitely.
同样，如果用的样本是DNA而不是RNA的话，就可以检查基因突变的情况。
The same process can detect genetic variations if a sample of DNA, rather than RNA, is poured over a suitable array.
但是同样，大脑皮质区也受到管理感觉器官(手，四肢及嘴)成长的基因突变的影响。
But likewise, cortex gets affected by mutations in genes governing the growth of sensory appendages such has hands, limbs and bills.
这种人工分子有可装配、复制、突变的迹象，并受控于复杂新陈代谢所致的自然选择力。
The researchers’ molecules are showing signs of being able to assemble, replicate, mutate, and be led by the power of natural selection toward complex metabolism.
这些植株源自两棵基因几乎相同的拟南芥，但其中一棵含有突变的DDM1甲基化DNA。
The plants were derived from two Arabidopsis parents with essentially identical genomes, but with one having a mutated DDM1 DNA methylation gene.
他还指出，对于任何一种基因突变的化验分析都应作为补充试验，以此来反映不同机制所产生的变异。
He concluded that the assays for mutations in either gene should be considered complementary tests, reflecting mutations that occur through different mechanisms.
但是每个人的变异有细小的影响，所以研究人员开发出一种算法结合了多种突变的共同影响。
Each individual variant had little impact, however, so the researchers developed an algorithm to combine the effects of multiple variants acting together.
获得突变的细菌产生对抗生素的抗性，它们比那些对药物敏感的非突变株幸存下来的几率更大。
Bacteria that get mutations creating resistance to antibiotics are more likely to survive than are bacteria that remain sensitive to drugs.
代谢速率的增加反过来会产生更多的富氧分子，即自由基。 后者这是一种诱发突变的蛋白质。
That increased metabolism would, in turn, generate more oxygen-rich molecules of a type known as free radicals, which are potent inducers of mutation.
傅的团队想要更可控地研究这种基因突变的效果，所以他们改造出一种拥有同种基因变化的老鼠。
Fu's group wanted to study the effect of the mutation in a more controlled way, so they created a strain of mice with the same genetic change.
特拉维夫大学的科学家们对比了成员中有指纹和无指纹的人们的基因，从而找出基因突变的地方。
Scientists at Tel Aviv University compared the genes of those with the condition to those without, to identify where the genetic alteration lies.
与此同时，费舍尔和他的团队也培养了在FOXP2基因中一种携带和KE家庭同样突变的老鼠。
Around the same time, Fisher and his team engineered mice so that one copy of their FOXP2 gene carried the same mutation as that found in the KE family.
罗氏公司的vemurafenib通过阻断一种突变的基因b - raf攻击晚期黑色素瘤。
Roche's vemurafenib attacks advanced melanoma by blocking the mutated form of a gene, B-RAF.
肿瘤学专家和药学研究学者正在努力找到能够发现和阻断这些突变的方法，目地在于关闭这个打开致癌效应的阀门。
Oncologists and pharmaceutical researchers are studying ways to find and block those mutations, aiming to turn off the switch that sparks carcinogenesis.
肿瘤学专家和药学研究学者正在努力找到能够发现和阻断这些突变的方法，目地在于关闭这个打开致癌效应的阀门。
Oncologists and pharmaceutical researchers are studying ways to find and block those mutations, aiming to turn off the switch that sparks carcinogenesis.
应用推荐