梅特兰给出了一个理由：这一课题要求研究人员“掌握一套极其正式的答辩程序系统”。
Maitland offered one reason: the subject requires researchers to "master an extremely formal system of pleading and procedure".
概括介绍SAP应用程序系统。
例如，可能您只想显示程序系统的外部性部分。
For example, you might want to show only the external parts of a system for an application.
框架驻留在企业级应用程序系统的业务层中。
The framework resides in the business tier of an enterprise application system.
流程4：应用程序系统查询EPCIS系统。
在应用程序系统测试期间改善性能不佳的查询。
Fixing a poorly performing query during application system testing.
SAP应用程序系统在各种行业中被广泛地使用。
SAP application systems are widely used across various industries.
流程4描述应用程序系统与EPCIS系统的交互。
Flow 4 shows the interaction of the application systems with the EPCIS system.
这意味着你可以在测试运行的持续期间，验证程序系统的健康状况。
This means that you can verify the health of the application systems for the duration of your test run.
常常使用外部存储过程访问遗留数据存储和遗留应用程序系统。
External stored procedures are often used to access legacy data stores and legacy application systems.
ODBC是一个软件驱动程序系统，用于连接编程语言与数据存储。
ODBC is a software driver system for connecting programming languages with data stores.
另外，MDM系统和修改主数据的应用程序系统之间的同步也有成本。
Also, the synchronization between the MDM systems and application systems changing master data is not free.
因此，活动对流程实例和流程实例外部的整个应用程序系统的影响会消失。
Thus the effects of the activity on the process instance and the whole application system outside the process instance are gone.
注意，应用程序系统中的 “提交”不一定意味着数据库或应用程序提交。
Note that a "commit" on the application system is not necessarily in the sense of a database or application commit.
应用程序系统不能包含内部IP地址和网络地址转换(NAT)的网络通信。
The application system must not involve communication between networks that use internal IP addresses and network address translation.
在应用程序系统已经在本地存储了修改之后，才会更新中心MDMhub。
The update on the central MDM hub would happen after the fact which means the application system would have persisted the change already locally.
现在您可以将新工作加入到打包应用程序系统中，并从那些系统中获得工作以驱动其他系统。
Now you can drive new work into your packaged application systems and get work from them to drive other systems.
存在使用主数据的应用程序系统，而且在建立MDMhub之后仍然要使用它们。
The application system using master data exists and is used after the MDM hub is built.
MessageBroker能够使打包的应用程序系统保持彼此同步，如下所示。
Message Broker can keep packaged application systems synchronized with each other, as shown below.
引用MDM解决方案模式：这种主数据系统设置意味着应用程序系统仍然是记录的主系统。
Referential MDM solution pattern: This setup of a master data system implies that the application systems are still the master systems of record.
如果n 个应用程序系统必须直接互连，那么将会产生 n(n-1) 个连接或接口。
If n application systems must be directly interconnected, it will produce n(n-1) connections, or interfaces.
考虑一个银行有一些分离的“地窖”——在银行内不为其他系统所知的自包含应用程序系统。
Consider a bank that has separate "silos" — self contained application systems that are oblivious to other systems within the bank.
如果应用程序系统创建了一个新的主数据记录，那么通过事务拦截机制把此事件报告给事务性MDMhub。
If the application system creates a new master data record, then through the transaction interception mechanism, this event would be reported to the transactional MDM hub.
与顺序式或过程序系统中客户机必须轮询更改请求不同，EDA允许系统和组件在事件发生时实时动态地作出响应。
Unlike sequential or procedural systems — in which clients must poll for change requests — an EDA allows systems and components to respond dynamically, in real time, as events occur.
每个应用程序系统在把修改提交给本地系统之后，把更新(常常是以批处理模式)发送给引用主数据系统。
Each application system sends out, often in batch mode, updates to the referential master data system (long) after the changes are committed to the local system.
而在诸如eco这种模型驱动的应用程序系统中，很容易地只需修改模型并重新生成应用程序就可以做到。
In a model-driven application system such as ECO, it's easy to make the changes to the model and regenerate the application.
Plack不能消除您对这些因素的担忧，但它能让构建先进的Web应用程序系统的过程变得轻松很多。
Plack doesn't eliminate the need to worry about these elements, but it does make the process of building advanced web applications system much easier.
与过程序系统不同，声明式系统使用一组简单的语言和图形工具来构建复杂的应用程序，不需要专业的程序员。
Unlike procedural systems, declarative systems use a set of small languages and graphical tools to build complex applications without the need for programmers.
数据仍然存储在应用程序系统中，但是可以从主数据系统链接所有属性，允许动态地组合主数据记录的完整视图。
The data is still stored in the application systems, but all attributes are linked from the master data system to allow a dynamic assembling for a complete view of a master data record.
为了建立服务用户的标识，简式配置假设使用ApacheSOAP 3.0（Axis）协议实现中的处理程序系统。
The simple configuration assumes the use of the handler system in the Apache SOAP 3.0 (Axis) protocol implementation, for establishing the identity of the user of a service.
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